Da sam tekst na ovu temu pisala prije par godina, išao bi u skroz drugom smjeru i o uljima bih govorila u nešto drugačijem kontekstu. Pomalo pod utjecajem marketinga, a pomalo zbog velike ljubavi prema probavanju novih ulja, svoju sam rutinu počela bazirati samo na njima. To je izgledalo otprilike ovako: uljni čistač, pa uljni serum, a na kraju – uljni balzam. Na prvi pogled koža je djelovala sjajno, zdravo i vitalno, ali ispod je bila sve više dehidrirana. Zbog toga je stvarala višak sebuma koji se nakupljao u sitnim komedonima, vidljivim pod određenim kutem svjetla, a čiji se izgled pod novim slojem ulja dodatno pogoršavao. U zimskom periodu, kad bi koža postala još više suha zbog transepidermalnog gubitka vode, stvar je postajala puno gora, a komedoni crveni i iziritirani. Shvatila sam da mom, mješovitom tipu kože kronično fali vode. Sad, kad sam se vratila slojevima vodenih seruma i krema, koža pomalo dolazi sebi i vraća se u balans.
„PRVA CRTA OBRANE JE HIDROLIPIDNI SLOJ KOJI SE SASTOJI OD VODE I ULJA. DA BI BIO ZDRAV I OBAVLJAO SVOJU FUNKCIJU, TREBAJU MU I ULJA I VODA.”
Zašto neki brendovi kroz svoj marketing promoviraju samo ulja?
Mnogi domaći i strani brendovi svoju su kampanju počeli i temeljili samo na uljnim serumima. U želji da na tržište izbace što više proizvoda u što kraćem vremenu, dosta njih radi samo sa uljima. Kozmetiku baziranu na uljima je lakše formulirati, ona često zahtijeva puno manje vremena i rizika u proizvodnji.
Kreme su same po sebi kompleksnije, traže više znanja, emulgatore, pH regulatore, testiranja stabilnosti i mikrobiološke ispravnosti. Jednom kad se pošalju trećim stranama na analizu zdravstvene ispravnosti, radi kompleksnosti, konzumiraju puno više vremena nego proizvodi na bazi ulja. Sjećam se perioda kada su se emulzije zbog marketinga ulja znale stavljati u drugi plan i loš kontekst kao sasvim nepotrebne u njezi – jer su napunjene emulgatorima koji nemaju funkciju na koži.
U modernoj kozmetici, oni pored svoje osnovne uloge povezivanja ulja i vode, mogu imati i dodatne uloge. Danas na tržištu postoje emulgatori koji jačaju lipidnu barijeru kože, a zbog svoje posebne strukture omogućuju hidratizaciju kože satima nakon nanošenja.
Koža je kompleksan organ
Koža se sastoji od tri glavna sloja, a svaki od njih ima svoju ulogu u zaštiti tijela. Prva crta obrane je hidrolipidni sloj koji se sastoji od vode i ulja. Da bi bio zdrav i obavljao svoju funkciju trebaju mu i ulja i voda. Sama ulja, koži ne mogu donijeti vodu, kao ni sve aktivne tvari koje se u njoj otapaju, na primjer humektanse, hijaluronsku kiselinu, niacinamid, neke vitamine… Emulzije ili kreme su spoj vode i ulja i ako su dobro formulirane, koži mogu dati sve što joj treba.
„DANAS JE TRŽIŠTE PREPLAVLJENO IZBOROM ULJA. DA BISMO IH ZNALI PRILAGODITI SVOJEM TIPU KOŽE, POTREBNO IM JE POZNAVATI SASTAV I ULOGU NJIHOVIH MASNIH KISELINA NA KOŽI.”
Funkcija ulja na koži
Uz funkciju ulja na koži se najčešće veže pojam emolijensi. Emolijensi omekšavaju kožu, uklanjaju suhoću i štite od je gubitka vode tako što na njenoj površini stvaraju laganu barijeru. Sva ulja se ponašaju kao emolijensi i stručnjaci ih često preporučuju zimi, kad je koža više suha i kad emulzije, za razliku od ostatka godine nisu dovoljne. Zapravo ih preporučuju kao dodatak kremi, da dodatno zaštite kožu od isušivanja. Brendovi koji u ponudi imaju i emulzije i ulja, savjetuju isto.
Osim što su emolijensi, ulja mogu pomoći svim tipovima kože, ako se pametno koriste. Premda na prvu zvuči odbojno, ulja mogu pasati čak i masnoj koži. Ali ne bilo koja ulja, potrebno je poznavati njihov sastav i način na koji masne kiseline mogu doprinijeti zdravlju kože.
Kako pametno koristiti ulja u kozmetici?
Danas je tržište preplavljeno izborom raznih ulja. Da bismo ih znali prilagoditi svojem tipu kože, potrebno im je poznavati sastav i ulogu njihovih masnih kiselina na koži. U manjoj ili većoj mjeri sva sadrže oleinsku kiselinu. Ulja u kojima je dominantna oleinska kiselina mogu pasati svim tipovima kože, ali to je dosta indvidualno. Ja bih rekla da takva ulja najviše pašu suhoj koži, dok su mješovitoj i masnoj većinom teška. Dosta takvih ulja stvara laganu barijeru na koži i sporije se upijaju, premda to ne mora biti pravilo – brzina upijanja i osjećaj na koži ovisi o cjelokupnom sastavu i drugim masnim kiselinama u ulju. Naša koža i sama proizvodi oleinsku kiselinu. Kad je zdrava i u svojoj ravnoteži, ulja sa oleinskom kiselinom je omekšavaju i čine fleksibilnom.
Međutim, kada su lipidi u koži u disbalansu i kad koža pati zbog ekcema, ljuštenja, akni ili drugih kožnih problema, ulja bogata oleinskom kiselinom mogu dodatno pogoršati stanje kože. Tada se korištenje ulja bogatih oleinskom i drugim mononezasićenim masnim kiselinama ne preporučuje.
Kod takvih stanja, najbolje pomažu ulja bogata omega-3 i omega-6 masnim kiselinama, koje su u prošlosti bile poznate kao vitamin F. To su esencijalne masne kiseline koje koža ne može proizvesti i koje su najvažnije za zdravlje kože. Sve masne kiseline na neki način štite kožu, ali esencijalne su posebno važne za njeno normalno funkcioniranje. Njihov nedostatak uzrokuje mnoge kožne bolesti. Koži s aknama fali omega-6 linolne kiseline. Ljuštenje i suhoća kože također su često povezane sa manjkom linolne kiseline. Jedna studija, u kojoj je linolna kiselina u organizam unošena hranom i lokalno na koži, dokazala je da ona u manje od mjesec dana može obnoviti barijernu funkciju kože.
Ulja bogata omega-3 alfa-linolenskom kiselinom pomažu kod obuzdavanja upale, iritacije i crvenila kože. Alfa-linolenska kiselina se u uljima često nalazi u kombinaciji sa omega-6 linolnom kiselinom i takva ulja su posebno hranjiva za kožu. Neka od takvih su ulja su ulje sjemenki borovnice, brusnice, ploda divlje ruže i sjemenki chie.
Ulja bogata gama-linolenskom omega-6 kiselinom su posebno poznata u liječenju pacijenata sa psorijazom i dermatitisima. Zbog gama-linolenske kiseline u sastavu, takva ulja pokazuju izvrstan protuupalni učinak, kad se kroz terapiju uzimaju oralno. Najčešće su to boražina i noćurak. Lokalno na koži, gama-linolenska kiselina pomaže u održavanju barijerne funkcije kože i često se može pronaći u kozmetici za suhu i zrelu kožu. Neka od ulja koja su bogata gama-linolenskom kiselinom su već spomenuti noćurak i boražina, kao i ulje sjemenki crnog ribiza.
Zasićene masne kiseline u formi balzama na koži
Balzami su zadnjih godina postali jako popularni. Privlačni su zbog svoje teksture, boje i mirisa. Traženi su i počeli su ih koristiti skoro svi ljubitelji prirodne kozmetike, na svakodnevnoj bazi, ali možda pomalo nepotrebno. Zašto? Maslaci, od kojih se prave balzami su puni zasićenih masnih kiselina koje “sjede” na površini kože i na njoj rade zaštitni okluzivni film.
Kao takve su, svakodnevno, potrebne možda samo jako suhoj koži. Kod mješovite i masne, mogu dodatno začepiti pore, pogotovo ako se u balzamu nalaze u kombinaciji sa voskovima. Za takve tipove kože balzami mogu biti izvrstan dodatak u ekstremnim uvjetima izrazite hladnoće, vjetra ili suhoće, i tada ih je najbolje primjeniti lokalno, za barijernu zaštitu.
130 Responses
Odličan tekst!
Ja sam istinski zaljubljenik u ulja i mislim da moja koža izgleda divno zahvaljujući njima, ali je jako važno ovo to sj napisala osigurati sloj hidratacije prije nanošenja ulja.
Hvala! Pa zapravo sam i ja zaljubljenik u ulja i u sve ono što mogu napraviti za zdravlje kože, pogotovo ‘iznutra’. Ali, mislim da se zbog svega ovoga što sam gore navela reklamiraju na pogrešan način i nameću kao dovoljna za njegu.
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